Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

The members of any particular family have almost identical chemical properties due to the same functional group. Their physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density, etc., show a regular gradation with the increase in the molecular mass. Chemical Properties A chemical property is a property that describes a substance’s ability to undergo a specific…

Functional Groups An atom or a group of atoms which when present in a compound gives specific physical and chemical properties to it regardless of the length and nature of the carbon chain is called a functional group. Classification of Functional Groups Main Functional Groups: (i) Hydroxyl group (-OH): All organic compounds containing -OH group…

Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Saturated hydrocarbons: These hydrocarbons have all carbon-carbon single bonds. These are known as alkanes. General formula = CnH2n+2 where n = 1, 2, 3, 4.…..Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These hydrocarbons have at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond.Hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond are called alkenes. General formula = CnH2n where…

Diamond has a regular tetrahedral geometry. This is because each carbon is connected to four neighbouring carbon atoms via single covalent bonds, resulting in a single unit of a crystal. These crystal units lie in different planes and are connected to each other,  resulting in a rigid three-dimensional cubic pattern of the diamond. Diamond: Has a high density…

– The phenomenon of the existence of the same element in different physical forms with similar chemical properties is known as allotropy.– Some elements like carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, etc., exhibit this phenomenon.– Crystalline allotropes of carbon include diamond, graphite and, fullerene.– Amorphous allotropes of carbon include coal, coke, charcoal, lamp black and gas carbon.

A methane molecule (CH4) is formed when four electrons of carbon are shared with four hydrogen atoms as shown below. Versatile Nature of Carbon Tetravalency, and Catenation The fact that carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds demonstrates its versatility. It can also form chains, branching chains, and rings when joined to other carbon…

A covalent bond is formed when pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. It is primarily formed between two same nonmetallic atoms or between nonmetallic atoms with similar electronegativity. Lewis Dot Structure Lewis structures are also known as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures.These are basically diagrams with the element’s symbol in the centre.…

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of valence electron/s, primarily between a metal and a nonmetal. The electrostatic attractions between the oppositely charged ions hold the compound together.Ionic compounds: Are usually crystalline solids (made of ions) Have high melting and boiling points Conduct electricity when melted Are mostly soluble in water and polar solvents

Difficulty of Carbon to Form a Stable Ion To achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, He, if the carbon atom loses four of its valence electrons, a huge amount of energy is involved. C4+ ion hence formed will be highly unstable due to the presence of six protons and two electrons. If the…

Chemical substances containing carbon are referred to as carbon compounds. Except for hydrogen, there are more carbon compounds than any other chemical element. Compounds of carbon with double bonds and triple bonds are called as unsaturated compounds while those with carbon-carbon single bonds are called saturated compounds.